Tapered shaft lock :-Shaft Couplers (Transmission)

These are kind of locking device used as key-less shaft coupling. They are assembled to transmission components like gears, pulleys, timing pulley, as bushes etc. generally, where no play is must for the transmission between shaft and transmission element. The main applications of these are in CNC machines, which are very precise. Today, because of intense pressure to maximize uptime, precision, and efficiency while minimizing material, machining, and operating costs, key-less frictional locking devices are the hot trend. The basic idea is similar to a clamp coupling but the moment of rotation is closer to the centre of the shaft. In traditional keys, there were possibilities of worn out, which are removed by using these coupling devices. It is more robust than using a key because maintenance only requires one tool and the self-centering balanced rotation means it lasts longer than a keyed joint would, but the downside is that it costs more.  Below, I have added some pictures of these, used in timing pulleys, from which you can get an idea of how to assemble them.

So here, I have these 2 screws, which tight the lock using L key. There is also a long single screw, which is just right on the other-side of staring line opening, which is used to disassemble or take out the nut from timing pulley. These are available in the market in standard sizes at cheap prices.

Fool's Play :- Pulley lift system (Mechanics)

Lifting heavy loads are very common in the industries.For example, lifting weights of products being manufactured are quit common in factories. Now while designing such lifting machines, a designer may face various constraints, which can restrict his choice to use heavy power machine elements like motors or actuators to deal with such loads.

Here is an very simple, cost effective trick, which is, by using pulley and wire rope system to divide the weight into various wire rope connections, resulting in reduction in load for actuators or motors to lift the same weight. But the actuator or motor has to pull rope for longer distance though. Diagram given below, explain it quit well.

W= Weight, T= Tension , F= Force in Newtons, H= Height.

All you need is :

1. A wire rope , which can be standard and can be chosen according to the weight to lift., 

2. A Sheave ( Pulley), which is also available as standard part and is chosen according to wire rope chosen,

3. And then you need a shaft, bearing, sheet-metal housing and nuts to make the coupling. 

Various other ways to make pulley connection according to space constraints are given below: